I'm pretty sure that go's compile speed is significantly faster than java. It's hard to compare though because java compilation is not the same thing. There is the bytecode in the class files and on the fly compilation in the vm. As well as some stuff that happens when the bytecode is loaded and run.
A lot of go's compile speed comes from how simple it's syntax is besides the gains it gets from avoiding C++ dependency issues. Java's syntax while less complex than C++ is still complex compared to go's. And it won't have go's parse time savings.
Go's syntax may look simpler, but from a how many tokens do I need to look ahead parser perspective, I don't think it's much simpler than Java. Go does have a hand tuned parser written in C, vs the java parser written in java and perhaps not tuned for speed, but there's no reason a fast java parser cannot be written.
A lot of go's compile speed comes from how simple it's syntax is besides the gains it gets from avoiding C++ dependency issues. Java's syntax while less complex than C++ is still complex compared to go's. And it won't have go's parse time savings.